A comparison of infrared-emittance measurements and measurement techniques

John P. Millard, Elmer R. Streed

Values of directional and hemispherical emittance of twelve coatings were needed in support of a spacecraft experiment. Laboratory measurements were made by two calorimetric and four reflectance techniques and with two portable devices designed for field or laboratory operation. The measurement results are compared, primarily on the basis of hemispherical emittance values deduced from each; and the limitations and uncertainties of each technique are summarized. © 1969 Optical Society of America.

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Materials
Curve 1
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.67-49.5 Geometry θ' ~0°: 10° Reported Error, %: 10°
Curve 2
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.01-25.4 Geometry θ' ~0°: ~0° Reported Error, %: 2π
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 204-312 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Anodized 1199 aluminum alloy; electropolished in fluoboric acid solution, then anodized in ammonium tartrate solution; property measured using steady state calorimetric method. [Authors' designation: Anodic]
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 208-308 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property measured by transient calorimetric method; property of second side of sample assumed.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 300 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property converted from p(10°, 10°) measured by specular method relative to a front surface aluminized mirror.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 200-400 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property converted from p(2π, 15° - 75°) measured by heated cavity method relative to a platinum surface.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 295 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable Quick Emittance Device.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 295 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable emissometer.
Curve 1
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.01-26.2 Geometry θ' ω': 17° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Parsons' black lacquer (~0.075 mm thick); ~9 coats applied; data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R (2π, 17°) measure relative to gold.
Curve 2
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.01-24.7 Geometry θ' ω': 17° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except measured relative to platinum; corrected for reflectance of platinum.
Curve 3
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.01-26.5 Geometry θ' ω': 17° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions except property measured by paraboloid method relative to gold after heated cavity measurement.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 203-314 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Parsons' black lacquer (0.075 mm thick); substrate unknown; approx 9 coats applied; property measured by steady state calorimetric method.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 213-333 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 4 specimen and conditions except property measured by transient calorimetric method; property of second side of sample assumed.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 298 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 4 specimen and conditions except property converted from ρ(2π, 7.5°) measured by ellipsoid method.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 200-400 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 4 specimen and conditions except property converted from ρ(2π, 15°-75°) measured by heated cavity method relative to a platinum surface.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 295 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 4 specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable Quick Emittance Device.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 295 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 4 specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable emissometer.
Curve 1
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.62-44.8 Geometry θ θ' w: 10° 10° Reported Error, %: Corning 7940 fused silica (0.2 mm thick); silver (~1 x 10⁻⁴ mm thick) and Inconel (~0.5 x 10⁻⁴ mm thick) substrates; silver then Inconel vapor deposited on the fused silica; data extracted from smooth curve; property measured by specular method relative to a front surface aluminized mirror. [Authors' designation: OSR]
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 203-313 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Corning 7940 fused silica (0.2 mm thick); silver (~1 x 10⁻⁴ mm thick) and Inconel (~0.5 x 10⁻⁴ mm thick) substrates; silver then Inconel vapor deposited on the fused silica; property measured by steady state calorimetric method. [Authors' designation: OSR]
Curve 2
Temperature, K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 2.46-91.4 Geometry θ' ω': 7.5° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to curve 1 specimen and conditions.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 208-308 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property measured by transient calorimetric method; property of second side of sample assumed.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 301 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property calculated from ρ(10°, 10°) measured by specular method relative to a front surface aluminized mirror.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 293 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property calculated from R(2π, 7.5°) measured by ellipsoid method.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 200-350 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property calculated from R(2π, 15°-75°) measured by heated cavity method relative to a platinum surface.
Curve 7
Temperature Range, K: 290 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable Quick Emittance Device.
Curve 8
Temperature Range, K: 295 Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Curve 1 specimen and conditions except property measured by a portable emissometer.