Solar reflectance integrating sphere

R. V. Dunkle, D. K. Edwards, J. T. Gier, J. T. Bevans


An inexpensive integrating sphere for the direct determination of the reflectance of materials irradiated by solar energy transmitted through the atmosphere of the earth is described. Reflectance and transmittance measurements of various metals, cloths, and filters are reported and are compared to spectral and total measurements made with other instruments. © 1960.

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Materials
Curve 1
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.40-15.22 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Aluminum 24S-T81 (2024-T81) anodized in sulfuric acid; nominal composition: 4.5 Cu, 1.5 Mg, 0.6 Mn, Al balance; data extracted from smooth curve.
Curve 2
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 13.20-25.04 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 3
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.41-24.93 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except substrate was chem-milled.
Curve 4
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.41-24.28 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to curve 1 specimen and conditions except anodized in chromic acid.
Curve 5
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.40-15.02 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except anodized in black chromic acid.
Curve 6
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 13.00-24.93 Geometry θ ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Aluminum 24S-T81 (2024-T) anodized in chromic acid; nominal composition: 4.5 Cu, 1.5 Mg and 0.6 Mn.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except calculated from spectral data.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to curve 1 specimen and conditions except anodized in black chromic acid.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except calculated from spectral data.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to curve 1 specimen and conditions except anodized in sulfuric acid.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except calculated from spectral data.
Curve 7
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to curve 5 specimen and conditions except substrate was chem-milled.
Curve 8
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except calculated from spectral data.
Curve 1
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.41-25.01 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Alclad 24-ST 81 (Alclad 2024-T, aluminum 1050 on aluminum 2024-T) anodized in chromic acid; nominal composition of 1050 aluminum: 0.40 Fe, 0.25 Si, 0.05 Cu, 0.05 Mn, 0.05 Mg, 0.05 Zn, 0.03 Ti and 0.15 others; data extracted from smooth curve.
Curve 2
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 12.99-24.89 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions except anodized in black chromic acid.
Curve 3
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.41-14.91 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 4
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 12.92-24.95 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to curve 42 specimen and conditions except anodized in sulfuric acid.
Curve 5
Temperature, K: 298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.41-14.96 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0°~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Alclad 24-ST81 (Alclad 2024-T, aluminum 1050 on aluminum 2024-T), anodized in chromic acid; nominal composition of 1050 aluminum: 0.40 Fe, 0.25 Si, 0.05 Cu, 0.05 Mn, 0.05 Mg, 0.05 Zn, 0.03 Ti, and 0.15 others; calculated from spectral data.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to curve 9 specimen and conditions except anodized in black chromic acid.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Similar to above specimen and conditions.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Calculated from spectral data.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 298 Geometry θ θ' ω': ~0° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: No details given.