Thermal radiation properties and thermal conductivity of lunar material

Richard C. Birkebak, Clifford J. Cremers, James P. Dawson

The thermal radiation properties were measured for lunar fines and chips from three different lunar rocks. Measurements for the fines were made at atmospheric pressure and at a pressure of 10-5 torr or lower. The directional reflectance was obtained over a wavelength range of 0.5 to 2.0 microns for angles of incidence up to 60 degrees. The bidirectional reflectance --the distribution of reflected light-- was measured for white light angles of illumination up to 60 degrees. The thermal conductivity was measured over a temperature range 200 to 400°K under vacuum conditions.

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Materials
Curve 1
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.526-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 20° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Sample 10084,68,1 from Apollo 11 mission; powder; received in dry nitrogen, measured in vacuum (~10⁻⁷ mm Hg); data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R(2π, 20°).
Curve 2
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.525-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 60° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions.
Curve 3
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.520-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 10° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Sample 10084,68,2 from Apollo 11 mission; powder; received in dry nitrogen; opened and then resealed in original shipping container; measured in air two months after receipt; data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R(2π, 10°).
Curve 4
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.528-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 60° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Above specimen and conditions.
Curve 5
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.400-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 10° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Sample 10047, 23, 2 from Apollo 11 mission; rock chip; measured in air; data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R(2π, 10°).
Curve 6
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.592-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 10° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Sample 10057, 29, 1 from Apollo 11 mission; crystalline type rock chip with cinder-like appearance; measured in air; data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R(2π, 10°).
Curve 7
Temperature K: ~298 Wavelength Range, µm: 0.546-2.00 Geometry θ θ' ω: 10° 2π Composition (weight percent), Specifications, and Remarks: Sample 10048, 21, 1 from Apollo 11 mission; breccia type rock chip; measured in air; data extracted from smooth curve; converted from R(2π, 10°).