Some measurements of the total emissivity of metals and pure refractory oxides and the variation of emissivity with temperature

A. H. Sully, E. A. Brandes, R. B. Waterhouse

A method has been described for the rapid determination of the total emissivity of metals and oxides in the temperature range 300-800°C. Values have been obtained for lampblack and polished platinum and also for Nimonic 75, pure nickel, and stainless steel, with various surface conditions. The total emissivities of the pure oxides ceria, zirconia, thoria, magnesia, alumina and fused silica have also been determined. The effect of particle size of the oxides and the variation of emissivity with angle of emission have been studied.

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Materials
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Alumina powder; Nimonic 75 substrate.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Cerium dioxide; Nimonic 75 substrate; substrate buffed; area density (g cm⁻²) is variable.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 673 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Cerium dioxide; Nimonic 75 substrate; substrate oxidized; area density (g cm⁻²) is variable.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: CeO₂, powder; Nimonic 75 substrate.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 573-873 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Stainless steel Vickers F. D. P. ; nominal composition: 18 Cr, 8 Ni, Fe balance; as rolled; cleaned with CCI4; measured in air.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 633-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 633-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions except oxidized at 1173 K until steady state reached.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 663-893 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions except buffed.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 573-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 4 specimen and conditions; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 633-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 4 specimen and conditions except oxidized at 1173 K until steady state reached.
Curve 7
Temperature Range, K: 583-873 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions except shot biasted with fused aiumina.
Curve 8
Temperature Range, K: 633-1033 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampie, same as curve 7 specimen and conditions; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached.
Curve 9
Temperature Range, K: 613-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 7 specimen and conditions except oxidized at 1173 K until steady state reached.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: MgO powder; Nimonic 75 substrate; prepared from super pure magnesium.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-853 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; blasted with fused alumina; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached; cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 593-813 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; blasted with fused alumina; cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 653-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; blasted with fused alumina; oxidized at 1173 K until steady state reached; cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 623-853 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; buffed, cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 633-853 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; buffed; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached; cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 643-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Pure; buffed; oxidized at 1173 K until steady state reached; cleaned with CCl4; measured in air.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 553-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Nimonic 75; nominal composition: 20 Cr, 5 max Fe, 1 max Mn, 1 max Si, 0.40 Ti, 0.12 C, Ni balance; as rolled; cleaned with CC14 ; measured in air.
Curve 2
Temperature Range, K: 573-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions except buffed.
Curve 3
Temperature Range, K: 583-1063 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions except shot blasted with fused alumina.
Curve 4
Temperature Range, K: 593-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampLe, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions; oxidized at 873 K until steady state reached.
Curve 5
Temperature Range, K: 573-1043 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampie, same as curve 4 specimen and conditions except buffed.
Curve 6
Temperature Range, K: 633-1053 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 4 specimen and conditions except shot blasted with fused alumina.
Curve 7
Temperature Range, K: 643-1033 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampie, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions ; oxidized at 117 3 K until steady state reached.
Curve 8
Temperature Range, K: 683-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampie, same as curve 7 specimen and conditions except buffed.
Curve 9
Temperature Range, K: 593-1033 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sampie, same as curve 7 specimen and conditions except shot biasted with fused alumina.
Curve 10
Temperature Range, K: 623-1033 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 1 specimen and conditions; oxidized at 1473 K until steady state reached.
Curve 11
Temperature Range, K: 633-1043 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 10 specimen and conditions except buffed.
Curve 12
Temperature Range, K: 613-1063 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Different sample, same as curve 10 specimen and conditions except shot blasted with fused alumina.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 623-1143 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Strip; polished; measured in air.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: SiO₂; Nimonic 75 substrate; powder coating produced by crushed silica treated with 50 percent HCl.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: ThO₂; Nimonic 75 substrate.
Curve 1
Temperature Range, K: 673-1073 Geometry θ': ~0° Composition (weight percent), Specifications and Remarks: Zirconium oxide; Nimonic 75 substrate.